A defibrillator is a medical device used to deliver electrical impulse therapy for heart rhythm disturbances. The main indications for its use are ventricular fibrillation and arrhythmias. The device generates a powerful electric discharge, which is delivered to the heart with the help of electrodes and activates the contraction. The device is especially important for ambulance, operating units, intensive care units and intensive care wards.
Classification of devices is based on design and technical features. Depending on the method of control, defibrillators are:
Manual which have manual control, equipped with electrodes in the form of irons, through which an electric discharge is transmitted during a tight press to the chest.
Automatic which independently recognize the failure of the heart muscle, select the amount of charge, turn on and off the discharge. In this case, the electrodes are disposable, glued to the patient's chest.
Combined that combines manual and automated control.
According to the intended purpose, stationary and portable devices are distinguished. Stationary equipment is to be installed in the departments of a medical institution. The device is equipped with a monitor and a battery. Portable defibrillator has a compact size, perfectly suited for equipping ambulances.
According to the type of electrical impulse, the medical defibrillator is monophasic and biphasic. During the use of monophasic monopolar current passes through the walls of the heart. Biphasic involves passing current in the forward and reverse direction, reversing polarity. Biphasic pulse models are more efficient, causing less myocardial damage.
Focusing on the method of delivery of the discharge, the devices are divided into external and internal. External ones are mounted externally on the patient's body. Internal ones are inserted into the body near the heart for continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm and correction of arrhythmia by discharges.
Diseases and pathological conditions of the body can cause a heartbeat disorder. There are situations when the heart suddenly stops or cannot restore the normal rhythm without medical assistance. The work of the defibrillator is aimed at regulating the contractile activity of cardiomyocytes and returning the correct rhythm. The scheme of functioning consists of several stages as follows:
Turning on the device.
Electricity generation.
Accumulation of charge by capacitor plates.
Applying the plates in the area of the heart.
Starting the discharge.
Passing electricity through soft tissue to reach the heart.
Most devices consist of the main parts: charger, capacitor plates, discharge circuit. Devices are equipped with an autonomous power source, display, children's discharge plates. To normalize the heartbeat more often conduct one discharge, but sometimes it is necessary to repeat two or three times.
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